چکیده:
این مقاله به ریشه ها و مسائل نوآوری سازمانی از دیدگاه منطقی و خردگرا می پردازد. بطور خصوص در رابطه با تولید محصول جدید بحث می شود که فلسفه فکری آن در حقیقت به قرن 18 و ایده پیشرفت اجتماعی برمی گردد، جایی که جوامع برای پیشرفت و توسعه بیشتر اقدام به طراحی روش های منطقی برای ایجاد علم و فناوری شدند. مقاله دهه ها ادبیات تحقیقی بر روی تولید محصول را مرور، فشرده و در 6 متافور دسته بندی می نماید. در نهایت نیز نتیجه و پیشنهاداتی برای تحقیقات آینده ارائه می شود
خلاصه ماشینی:
ir Introduction Since the Enlightenment, two contrasting yet complementary approaches to knowledge, the description of reality, and the organization of the society and nature have been in good currency, and during the last hundred years the waves of new social, technological and scientific progress have pushed both traditions into prominence (Burrell & Morgan, 1979; Ashley & Orenstein, 2004; Hatab, 2005).
The Rational View of Product Innovation The idea that human progress would be achieved by harnessing natural science to create technology had another profound effect.
Questions such as ‘how to make innovation work’ or ‘how to drive new products into market’ are dealt with economic/ business/applied approaches, benchmarking technical proposals and the best means to be selected by the use of science-based tools within a well- defined strategy.
The Process of Product Innovation Should Be Orderly There are a number of accounts outlining stages and controls using systematic project management methodologies and models (Cooper, 1990; PMBOK, 2004).
A study of a thousand of the largest corporate R&D spenders, found that almost 80% of all North American companies adopt a stage-gate process as a conceptual and operational road map for driving a new product project from idea to launch (Booz Allen Hamilton, 2007).
Uncertainty in Innovation Should Be Translated into a Language of Calculation It should be noted that the aforementioned methods for dealing with ambiguities and complexities under the name of managing risks and rewards, may change the nature of the product development game from a ‘language of innovation’ to a ‘language of calculation’.