خلاصة:
This paper presents a conceptual analysis of the essay by Paktovsky (1901) which concentrates on the works by Chekhov. The urgency of the research is determined by the significance of the literary figure for the history of Russian criticism of the 19th – 20th centuries, the importance of his vision concerning the writing of the authors of Russian literature of the turn of the century, as well as for the history of the BelSU National Research University, since the critic was one of the directors of the Belgorod Teachers’ Institute. The creative heritage of Paktovsky was studied using motivational-descriptive, biographical, historical and literary methods. Addressing the works by Chekhov, the literary critic evaluates his characters as “helpless, miserable and ridiculous” people who are not capable of confronting the fate. He does not cover up for the very man with his misfortunes, but appeals to fight against them, to change inwardly. Paktovsky was one of the first to try to classify Chekhov’s characters, which has cultural significance as the evidence of a contemporary of the social composition of Russian society at the turn of the 19th-20th centuries.
ملخص الجهاز:
372 3721 Special Issue of Journal of Research in Applied Linguistics, 10, Spring 2019 work by Brooks (2018), Clayton (2012), Mathiasen (2005), McV (1975), Popkin (2015), and Turner (2013).
Proving these theses, Paktovsky ( 1901) analyses first of all the stories "Post" and "Champagne", by example of which the critic formulates the central, from his point of view, theme in the writer's work, the unbearable financial position of "common run of people", whom he understands as typical representatives of those or other "deprived" social groups: "In the story "Post" and "Champagne", Chekhov depicts the difficult moments in the lives of those people, whom ...
Further, Paktovsky proceeds to consider the collision between man and his "fate" discovered by him in Chekhov's work using the example of another group of stories that differs from Post and Champagne in fundamentally different characters of the main characters: if in these two stories, according to him "people are too passive, they have no moral strength to fight and could not have it, in other stories "the writer puts cultural people in touch with the lives", "who have principles and views" (Paktovskij, 1901; Turner, 2013; Jabbari et al.
374 3741 Special Issue of Journal of Research in Applied Linguistics, 10, Spring 2019 According to Paktovsky (1901), the subjective "powerlessness" of Chekhov's characters most clearly affects their attitude to their own family and children, which the critic takes beyond the framework of "public life", considering them to be an exceptionally personal affair.