خلاصة:
This study investigated two major types of metadiscourse markers as used in typical sales contracts, written by English natives and Iranian non-natives. In so doing, 60 sales contracts were selected, 30 written by native English and 30 by Iranian non-natives. Based on Hyland and Tse’s taxonomy, the contracts were codified and classified in terms of the frequency and percentage of the interactive and interactional metadiscourse markers found. The results revealed that Iranian non-natives used more interactive metadiscourse markers while natives used more interactional metadiscourse markers. The latter also used more hedges in their sales contracts compared to non-natives
ملخص الجهاز:
A Comparative Study of Interactive and Interactional Metadiscourse Markers in Sales Contract Written by English Natives vs.
com Abstract This study investigated two major types of metadiscourse markers as used in typical sales contracts, written by English natives and Iranian non-natives.
g. Abdi, Tavangar Rizi & Tavakoli, 2010; Adel, 2006; Estaji & Vafaeimehr, 2015; Dehghan & Chalak, 2015; Hasselgard, 2016; Jalilifar & Beitsayyah, 2011; Pooresfahani, Khajavy & Vahidnia, 2012; Rashidi & Alihosseini, 2012; Simin, & Tavangar, 2009) interest in the metadiscourse and the interactive and interactional resources of written professional discourse, shifting the research attention from the ideational aspect of texts; that is how texts characterize the world, to how they may function interpersonally.
This study thus explored whether any differences could be found in English sales contract produced by Iranian non-natives as compared with those produced by American native writers as far as metadiscourse markers were concerned.
Figure 1 illustrates the results of comparing interactive metadiscourse markers in English sales contracts written by the Americans vs.
As evident from Figure 1, the Iranian non-native writers more frequently used all types of interactive metadiscourse markers in their sales contracts than the Americans did.
Figure 2 presents the results of comparing interactional metadiscourse markers in English sales contracts written by the Americans vs.
This is in line with the findings of similar studies in the literature (Estaji & Vafaeimehr, 2015; Abdi, Tavangar Rizi & Tavakoli, 2010; Dehghan & Chalak, 2015; Hasselgard, 2016).
A contrastive study of metadiscourse elements in research articles written by Iranian applied linguistics and engineering writers in English.