خلاصة:
This paper aims at studying the speech act of congratulation in Persian and English with regard to semantic formulas. To gather the semantic formulas related to congratulation, the researchers chose 100 movies (50 in Persian and 50 in English) as the instrument of the study. The only model of cross-cultural comparison was related to that of Elwood (2004). Therefore, we used Elwood’s model as the yardstick to design a new classification for coding congratulation utterances. The new model which is designed in this study covers the categories of the Elwood’s model but omits the overlapping strategies which were observed in that model. The new model enjoys more clarity and is more clear-cut. Also, the non-congratulatory categories of Elwood’s model are deleted in the new design. Six generic categories were recognized as the model of analysis: (1) offering congratulation; (2) mentioning the occasion; (3) blessing wish; (4) expressing feeling; (5) divine statement; and (6) complimenting. In order to investigate the significant of differences between Persian and English categories, the researchers employed Chi-square formula. The results of the study revealed that a) there is a significant difference among various semantic formulas in each language and b) Persian and English congratulation utterances are significantly different with regard to mentioning the occasion, expressing feeling, and divine statement. However, no
ملخص الجهاز:
"The results of the study revealed that a) there is a significant difference among various semantic formulas in each language and b) Persian and English congratulation utterances are significantly different with regard to mentioning the occasion, expressing feeling, and divine statement.
Few studies are conducted to investigate cross-cultural patterns in congratulation speech act among different speakers with miscellaneous native languages (Murata, 1998).
Table 2 A Cross-cultural Classification for Congratulation Utterances in Persian and English Category Examples 1) Offering congratulation My congratulation 2) Mentioning the occasion Congratulation for having a son at your age 3) Blessing wish Wishing you a happy marriage 4) Expressing feeling I am so happy for you 5) Divine statement 6) Complimenting God bless you in this happy day Well done!
Regarding the first and the second questions of this study, which dealt with the type of congratulation speech acts used in Persian and English utterances, the results showed that Persian speakers used offering congratulation and blessing wish more than the other strategies while English speakers used mentioning the occasion, expressing feeling, and blessing wish more than the other utterances.
Comparing the results obtained for each language, the researchers concluded that Persian speakers are more self- transcendence in which they try to use less self-expressive comments but English speakers show more self-enhancement through which they try to show their attitudes as much as possible (Schwartz & Sagiv, 1995)."