خلاصة:
Emerging within Systemic Linguistics, Appraisal/Evaluation is a framework for analyzing the language of evaluation, providing techniques for the systematic analysis of evaluation and stance as they operate in whole texts and in groupings of texts. There are three systems in the Appraisal framework: Attitude, Engagement, and Graduation. This study sets out to analyze the use of the system of Engagement within a sample of English Literature (prose fiction) and the News (news articles). Engagement is a medium through which the speaker or the writer engages dialogistically with others (i.e., the addressees, within the process of evaluation). A corpus of 20,000 words was selected from each genre, involving five cornerstones of short fiction and a collection of news articles from CNN, Reuters, BBC, Daily Mail and Yahoo News. The study sheds light on the fact that both genres are strikingly close in using the four subsystems of Engagement, and both are inclined towards dialogic expansion, albeit for different generic reasons, with dialogic contraction taking a backbench. Appraisal as a whole is a promising model to explore texts in different genres, paving the way for richer more illuminating analyses of the interpersonal semantics operating in them.
ملخص الجهاز:
"A selection was made of five rather more distinguished short stories penned with different styles and by different authors in order that proper categorization of Engagement resources could be undertaken, for upon grounded discourse/text analysis with the Evaluation subsystem of Engagement serving as the base and framework, it appears that, with the exception of ‘bare assertions’ (Martin & White, 2005), almost every clause in a sample of real-life authentic English text of any genre is bound to position itself with regard to Engagement; but more importantly to the interpersonal plane of meaning making in general, and by extension, to other interpersonal factors subsumed under the interpersonal metafunction of Halliday that lie farther out towards the semantic end of the continuum in text and discourse such as ideology, power, solidarity and evaluation, among others (e.
What is of note in this stylistic analysis of the short story with particular emphasis on the linguistic realization of Engagement here and for the following sections below is that Engagement provides the means to characterize a speaker/writer’s interpersonal style and their rhetorical strategies according to what sort of heteroglossic backdrop of other voices and alternative viewpoints they construct for their text and according to the way in which they engage with that backdrop (Martin & White, 2005).
This study was a very small look at the Appraisal system of Engagement, a system that only indicates how the author engages with both the proposition and imagined/real readers/listeners (Martin & White, 2005), but the Appraisal system of Attitude can bring out other very interesting and more profound insights into texts and discourses in different genres, since it deals more profoundly with the semantics of the interpersonal."