خلاصة:
Genuine Criticism (GC) is an evaluative expression of annoyance with an attribute in the interlocutor, whose realization may threaten the positive image of both interlocutors. The current study investigates facework and politeness in performing GCsin different contexts and for interlocutors with low social distance and high status in terms of GC realization strategies and mitigation devices that the speakers employ to soften their criticisms. Data were collected from 70 situations from movies in which GCs arise between interactants. The interactants deal with topics that happen in their daily life. The data were transcribed, categorized and analyzed based on the adapted version of criticizing categorization developed by Nguyen (2005, 2013).The results indicate that interactants with low social distance between them and the speakers who possess higher status employ direct strategies more than indirect strategies when they carry out criticism. Besides, the speakers with higher social distance utilize direct criticizing strategies more often. With regard to mitigation strategies, both groups tend to mitigate their criticisms less often. Exploring the strategies that English NSs employ can help EFL material developers realize and depict a better picture of the strategies in learning materials so that potential learning problems are prevented.
ملخص الجهاز:
An Exploratory Study of Genuine Criticism Realization and Mitigation Strategies a Case of Movie Interactants Saman Ebadi Assistant Professor, Razi University s.
The current study investigates facework and politeness in performing GCs in different contexts and for interlocutors with low social distance and high status in terms of GC realization strategies and mitigation devices that the speakers employ to soften their criticisms.
The results indicate that interactants with low social distance between them and the speakers who possess higher status employ direct strategies more than indirect strategies when they carry out criticism.
Introduction Speech act of criticizing by its nature is threatening to both the hearer and speaker, thus it is indispensable to use strategies to save the face of both interlocutors and to mitigate its face-damaging effect.
For this, the researchers transcribed and analyzed the criticizing situations in terms of the pragmalinguistic and mitigation strategies that the interactants employed according to their interlocutor’s social distance and status.
What are the criticizing and its related mitigation strategies that the NS interactants with low social distance and higher status in the movies use?
Cursing: showing anger through criticizing by saying bad things to the H Implicit mentioning of the point of criticism via offering changes through giving suggestion, recommendation, persuasion, advice, giving hints, insisting, sarcasm, or teasing the interlocutor 9.
The overall frequency of the criticizing strategies employed by interactants that fluctuate based on the social distance and power status has been presented in table 1.